Rêve Générale

dispatches from paris and its squats

Springtime in Paris

Today was sunny and almost 80. I went to the Anne Frank garden, near the Pompidou and where I live. Others had the same idea: twenty-somethings balancing beers in the grass, teenagers exchanging back massages, a bum slumped over a chessboard table, little kids playing kickball, tiny kids audibly panting as they raced through the trellises.

I chose a vacant bench and sat between the ants and spots of bird shit. A breeze scattered petals across my sneakers. Dogwood blossoms were all-the-way unfurled.

A woman strode through the garden, dangling a cigarette in one hand and a child-sized scooter in the other. A small boy followed her, barely keeping pace. He struggled to fasten or remove a helmet on his head. (Read 26-3-12 Shouts & Murmurs, “Vive La France,” The New Yorker.)

Two toddlers chasing one another edged behind my bench. The trellises and slatted wood made shadows on their faces. Nearby a man in clown make-up ate potato chips and talked with a woman in a daisy-printed sundress. I looked at the sky above the weird tubes of the Pompidou; it was very blue.

A grey city bird flapped wildly, low in my line of sight. Last night, as I waited for the train, an identical bird flew the same way through the subway tunnel. That was grotesque: a bird without room to fly. Spring here entails an opening-up: the rest of the year, the sky is shellacked white, so that living below it is like living in an igloo.

I don’t know anything about the Anne Frank garden, but I imagine it figures in Alexandre Lacroix’s new book, “Voyage au centre de Paris,” a seemingly lovely addition to the flâneur tradition that includes even such unnoteworthy neighboring landmarks as rue Michel le Comte. (I walk down this street every day, and the only interesting thing about it is that pedestrians on its narrow sidewalks are not routinely creamed by the 29 bus.) I paged through the book yesterday at Le Genre Urbain, a terrific bookstore in Belleville.

They seem to have newly watered the fountains of the city. Maybe last week or the week before. The one at Hotel de Ville is even better than the ice-skating rink. Across the street, at a metro entrance, a tired-looking woman sells bundles of daffodils. I bought daffodils from a similar woman at the Bastille market last week, and they wilted after a day and a half, but until then were very nice.

A woman carried a cake aflame toward girls who sat in the grass and sang. I made a note about the solemn, ceremonial, careful pace universal to deliveries of birthday cake.

Near a new planting, the passive-aggressive placard: “For your enjoyment, this massive arbusif [I don't know that word] has been replanted. We thank you for respecting the work of the gardeners.”

I checked my email and read a quote from Brain Pickings: “You can never know anyone as completely as you want. But that’s okay, love is better.”

One kid swung his foot at a ball and, failing to connect, overbalanced, nearly falling backwards — but he caught himself. I heard another one in the game say, “Moi, j’existe,” but I was not sure I heard him correctly. My French is good after six months here, but not perfect.

Vive La Miroiterie

I wrote online at Guernica about La Miroiterie, the artists’ squat in the Twentieth Arrondissement that will soon close. I care very much about the people who live there, and I will be sorry when the squat is evicted. Thorel, the proprietor, is a nearly bankrupt real-estate company that specializes in buying and reselling properties. It is owned, along with a passel of similar small Paris-based real-estate speculation companies, by a businessman in Lyon. 

Vive La Miroiterie, 26 March 2013

I was excited when I discovered the old mirror factory was called Bosch. I said to Andy Bolus, “It is a little like ‘The Garden of Earthly Delights’ here, isn’t it?” He said fondly, “Yeah, it is. Full of freaks.”

SQEK Conference Wednesday

Dear readers in Paris, if you’re out there:

A group called Squatting Europe Kollective, which combines researchers on squats and related issues with housing-rights activists, meets this week in Paris. There will be lots of interesting presentations by researchers on unusual topics from across Europe and the United States. If you are interested in squats, you can attend an afternoon of presentations and a debate about the institutionalization of artists’ squats by city governments on Wednesday. I will present, and also simultaneously translate the debate, so fasten your seatbelts. 

Sciences Po, 56 rue des Saints Peres, room Goguel

Wednesday, March 20, 2-7 p.m.

Gas-Fueled Café-Terrace Heaters

I wrote online at The Atlantic Cities about a January decision of the Paris Administrative Court to overturn a ban on gas-fueled terrace heaters. The “parasol” heaters are a battleground for restaurateurs who say the café culture the heaters help to preserve is inextricable from the city’s literary history and spirit — and for environmentalists who say these restaurateurs, catering to tourists, sacrifice the air residents breathe.

The Heated Terraces of Paris are Safe, For Now,” 26 February 2012

Café culture in Paris is storied, and in reporting I came across this exhaustive chapter about the history of the city’s coffeehouses in “All About Coffee,” an online book by William H. Ukers. Besides attracting writers and artists, Parisian cafés have inspired art, like Edward Hopper’s “Soir Bleu,” now on exhibit at the Grand Palais here, which depicts the artist as an American clown on the terrace of a café, surrounded by drinkers, smokers, and passerby.

Image

From Grand Palais, http://www.grandpalais.fr

Olympiades Reporting

Olympiades in the 13th Arrondissement is a complex of skyscrapers built in the 1960s. At the time, President Georges Pompidou pushed quickly planned, retrospectively maligned projects to “modernize” Paris and accommodate population boom during the so-called Thirty Glorious Years after the Second World War.

On the occasion of a new exhibit at Pavillon de l’Arsenal, I wrote about Olympiades online at The Atlantic Cities:

The Man Who Tried to Change the Soul of Paris,” 20 February 2013

The towers’ inhabitants, when they are not complaining about the empty police station on the slab, sometimes say Olympiades is a village, where longtime residents know one another. Here is a link to the blog of the residents’ association, ENVOL (Envie de Vivre aux Olympiades).

Architect Michel Holley’s utopian vision for Olympiades involved naming the buildings after cities that hosted the Olympics. After a press tour of the exhibit, I heard curator Françoise Moiroux explain her theory as to why there is no Paris Tower.

“Because they had to make people dream,” she said. “Foreign cities always inspire more dreams than the city of Paris.”

Here are some nice photos of the Chinese New Year parade Sunday at the base of Olympiades, at the site of the city of Paris.

More on Brittany

Last weekend I was in Brittany on a Fulbright travel grant. I stayed with a wonderful family in Pléguien, a village not far from the medieval town, Dinan, where I was talking with a middle-school class. I was struck that flowers — mimosa, crocuses — fully bloom there in February.

Brest in Brittany is known for its chickens. The mayor of Pléguien trades his chickens’ eggs for my hosts’ tomatoes and leeks. They fed me bulots, a kind of snail. Shellfish are common in Brittany, near the sea. Bretons traditionally are fishers or farmers: cauliflower, white beans, buckwheat, apples. Today they worry about Europe-subsidized industrial farms, whose runoff causes an overabundance of green algae. This family knew someone who fed his chickens on red algae, and the yolks came out like tomatoes.

These photos I took near Paimpol and Plouha, on the beaches, and at Beauport Abbey. The hills sloping down to the beaches are red because they are covered in dead ferns. I included some photos of Dinan with the last entry.

Little Differences

Some French friends asked me whether I find the French to be râleur.

“You know, grognon,” they said. I didn’t know that one, either. “Ronchon, bougon, grincheux.

They were asking whether I find that people here are never happy, and I carefully said I imagine that depends on the person, and whether or not he or she frequently grapples with the bureaucracies of his or her country. But as my friends rattled off synonyms for an adjective I have trouble translating — grumpy? — I began to reconsider.

Eskimos have many terms for snow and the Breton regional language has lots of words for rain. Rolling terrain that we call hilly is described by the French in terms of its valleys: vallonné. The French favor litotes. “C’est pas evident,” someone will say wryly, “It’s not obvious,” after royally butchering some maneuver. Ladies will criticize something by archly saying: “It’s not too normal.” I was walking in Brittany with a man who was barely audible under the hood of his parka, under February rain. “It’s not too hot,” he said.

When people say “pas normal,” they seem to mean it negatively. On the other hand, “original” is usually complimentary, if a touch condescending: “Oh, an American who is studying squatters? How original!” Meaner is “special.” Something truly out-there is “pas banal,” not banal.

I spent a long weekend in Brittany on a Fulbright travel grant, talking with a middle-school class in Dinan and exploring the coastline. More regional notes to come! I stayed with a family in Pléguien who served home-brewed apple cider and blackberry syrup, calling the cocktail a kir bréton. Normans also grow apples, making apple cider as well as pear cider, and call the same drink a kir normand. The Breton family finds this Norman pretension vaguely silly. Normans are always trying to compete with Bretons, they said, mentioning some conflict over Mont-Saint-Michel, the celebrated abbey on the coast in Normandy — but at the Norman-Breton border.

“Of course it is in Normandy,” said the innkeepers in Dinan (photos), where I was their only guest. “Mais bon, it is very close to Brittany.”

I decided to ask some more about a Brittany-Normandy rivalry. The whole thing seemed very exciting and feudal. I had just heard that a few Bretons, like the Basques, want to separate from France. Some of these radicals exploded a bomb at a Dinan McDonald’s, which they consider a danger to the local culture. I was clutching a tisane and perching on an old and uncomfortable chair in the innkeepers’ living room, which was covered floor-to-ceiling in mirrors, deer heads, and dark portraits of severe-looking ladies in gilded frames.

The innkeepers looked startled. “You mean besides Mont-Saint-Michel?” they all asked.

Madame broke the silence. “No, no, no,” she said. “Not at all. The Normans make very good cheese and good cider. We also make cheese and cider.” She adjusted the dog on her lap. “My grandmother was from Normandy,” she said.

Abbé-Pierre Report on Housing Crisis

The Fondation Abbé-Pierre released its eighteenth annual report on housing problems and homelessness in France on Friday. The foundation’s numbers are the ones used by the Ministry of Housing and available for download here.

I was interviewed via Skype for a France24 story about the housing crisis. Here is the link. Of course it is easier to live in France than to live in lots of other places if you are poor, but that doesn’t mean there are no housing problems here, as the new report shows.

As summarized on Pelerin.info, here are some numbers from the report on France:

  • 10 million people affected by homelessness or inadequate housing
  • 685,142 people without “personal residence”
  • 12,759 evictions with police force in 2011, up 115 percent since 2000
  • 37 percent of cities not yet in compliance with a law called SRU that mandates 20 percent of a city’s residences be governmentally subsidized housing [Context for Americans: There are three tiers of public housing in France, and about 70 percent of Parisians, for example, are eligible for one or another tier.]
  • 29 percent — the amount by which HLM rents, a kind of public housing, increased between 2000 and 2010

Mediapart.fr, the online investigative magazine, wrote about housing minister Cécile Duflot’s failure to deliver on certain promises in an interesting article Friday.

Finally, an update about the Jeudi Noir squat on rue de Valenciennes, which I wrote about last week at The Atlantic Cities:

The proprietors have sued the squatters to remove them. The Jeudi Noir activists, awaiting their court date, tell me they see the trial as an opportunity to refocus debate. They say their work complements the Abbé-Pierre research, attracting attention to housing shortage and vacant buildings in the capital.

The Next Thing You Know

This week is the Fulbright Program’s midyear conference. We’re getting a tour of the Senate!

The marker gives me reason to reflect, as did a quick trip home last week. I cleared space for contemplation among my normal airplane activities: hydrating, inflating and re-inflating a neck pillow, and drunkenly noting SkyMall catalog items for use in future short stories.

Across the aisle sat a regal elderly woman, fur coat, who launched a conversation by regarding me appraisingly and saying in French, “You’re cute.” Maybe because I recently saw “Anna Karenina” and the train scene between the lady and Keira Knightley, the gesture struck me as old-fashioned and grand — even more so for its weirdness. She lives in the Seventeenth Arrondissement and was in New York for her birthday.

A couple weeks ago, as I finished a conversation with a source, he asked me, “How come?”

I didn’t understand the question.

This source I have known for a while. “You are far from home, and you’re staying in this place, in this squat, where you don’t know anyone, and you don’t even speak the language, and don’t misunderstand me, you are welcome here, but how come?”

We had been speaking French. “I speak French,” I said.

“When I went to Africa,” he said, “and I landed in little villages, people would ask me, ‘How come?’ So I am asking you. How come?”

I have a story ready:

I was working on a farm in Provence. The farmer learned I planned to visit Paris and insisted I stay with her daughter in the Thirteenth. The daughter was illegally occupying her apartment, and the next year, when I wanted to apply for a fellowship to write about something unusual in a different country, I realized the unusual thing and the different country I knew were squats and France.

“How come?”

I worked backwards.

I was doing some fiction writing and wanted to travel and write on farms.

“Why France? Why not Italy?”

I had finished a year of French classes.

“How come?”

Because I knew Spanish and thought I could learn French.

“How come?”

Because Spanish is a practical language to learn when you live in my country.

Why does anyone do anything? Sign in 1968 Paris student riots: “Je suis Marxiste — tendance Groucho.” You choose a path based on the information you have, and eventually get to the end of the path, and then you look around.

David Sedaris begins his essays on France in “Me Talk Pretty One Day”:

I have never been one of those Americans who pepper their conversation with French phrases and entertain guests with wheels of brie. For me, France was never a specific, pre-mediated destination. I wound up in Normandy the same way my mother wound up in North Carolina: you meet a guy, relinquish a tiny bit of control, and the next thing you know, you’re eating a different part of the pig. 

I once said I wasn’t a Francophile. I would explain: I was never one of those obsessive Americans. Although my current project is in Paris — I’d say — I don’t particularly like foie gras or fashion, I have little interest in the bateaux-mouches, and in high school I learned Spanish, because it’s useful, not French.

I was never sure what caused the awkward, apologetic impulse. I suppose there’s something reactionary, or at least tired, about packing off to Paris for a sentimental education when you are a young American, which I wanted to excuse.

These days, I rarely deploy the not-a-Francophile clarification. I’m more secure in my presence here.

And — no more waffling — I am one after all! Call it the “dear old light of Paris” (Henry James, “The Ambassadors”), or the cheese I smuggled home last week. Yesterday a friend said to me — her first language is Arabic, and sometimes she speaks very lyrically — “You will live in places, and France is the first place.”

Sedaris also writes:

Hugh brought me great gifts the summer I stayed home and he went off to France. He’s not really that much of a shopper, so I figured that if he had managed to find these things, they must have been right out in the open where anyone could have spotted them. As far as I was concerned, the French could be cold or even openly hostile. They could burn my flag or pelt me with stones, but if there were taxidermied kittens to be had, then I would go and bring them back to this, the greatest country on earth.

I have not seen any taxidermied kittens, but after four months here I can believe they’re around someplace — and I have yet to hit the soldes.

Rue de Valenciennes

Housing-rights activists Jeudi Noir and DAL (Droit au Logement) opened a squat at 2, rue de Valenciennes New Year’s Eve. I wrote about the occupation online at The Atlantic Cities:

Paris’s Power Squatters,” 25 January 2013

If you’re curious about the story, you can read more (in French) about the squat’s opening and political impact at LibérationLe MondeAFP, Le Figaro. Here is an article in Le Monde about the number of vacant buildings in Paris, following the requisition of 2, rue de Valenciennes, and here is an article in Libération that profiles some occupants of the squat. Jeudi Noir issued a press release about the place, and the DAL Web site is full of interesting information about the right to housing, constitutional in France.

Follow

Get every new post delivered to your Inbox.